Understanding Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the breasts. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Breast cancer often originates in the milk ducts or the lobules, which are responsible for producing milk. It can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream. The spread of cancer to other organs is called metastasis.
Breast cancer is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening disease that affects both women and, less frequently men. Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic process and treatment options is crucial for early detection and effective management of various aspects of breast cancer, empowering with the knowledge to promote awareness and proactive healthcare.

What is the cause of breast cancer?
The exact cause of breast cancer is not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include gender (being female), advancing age, a family history of breast cancer, certain gene mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), previous history of breast cancer or certain benign breast conditions, early onset of menstruation or late menopause, obesity, hormone replacement therapy, and exposure to radiation.

• Genetic Factors: Certain gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are known to increase the risk of developing breast cancer. However, these gene mutations account for a small percentage of breast cancer cases overall. Most cases of breast cancer occur in individuals without a known family history of the disease.
• Hormonal Factors: Hormonal imbalances and exposure to hormones over a long period of time can influence the risk of breast cancer. For example, women who started menstruating at an early age or experienced menopause at a later age have a slightly higher risk. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) that combines estrogen and progesterone, especially if used for an extended duration, can also increase the risk.
• Age and Gender: Breast cancer risk increases with age, and it is more common in women than in men. The majority of breast cancer cases occur in women over the age of 50.
• Family History: A family history of breast cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives (such as mother or sister), can increase the risk. However, it’s important to note that most cases of breast cancer occur in individuals without a family history of the disease.
• Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Certain lifestyle choices and environmental exposures may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer. These factors include obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and exposure to certain chemicals and radiation.